Biobased Plastics in a Circular Economy
This study by research organisation CE Delft, requested by the former Dutch Ministry of Environment and Infrastructure and the Ministry of Economic Affairs, provides the foundation for further policy development regarding biobased plastics.
The main question from the ministry was: Under which conditions are biobased plastics (both biodegradable and non-biodegradable) compatible with the circular economy? Environmental aspects were explored for a wide range of biobased plastics. Conclusions were drawn related to the greenhouse gas balance, the use of (natural) resources, the influence on litter and plastic soup, and the options for end-of-life treatment.
Among other things, CE Delft concludes biobased plastics can contribute to reducing CO2 emissions and reducing the demand for fossil raw materials. However, its wide application can also lead to irresponsible pressure on the food and ecosystem. Therefore, conditions must be set for the production and application of bioplastics.
For raw materials sugar and starch crops are preferred (after the use of recycled materials). When biobased plastics are at the end of their life, mechanical recycling has the most positive effects: it has a positive effect on the greenhouse gas balance, and leads to less demand for raw materials. However, it is only profitable for larger volumes.